Hypericum Perforatum: Complete Medicinal Profile
Hypericum perforatum, commonly known as St. John's Wort, is a flowering plant native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa.
It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine due to its medicinal properties, which include anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties.
The health benefits of St. John's Wort include its potential to treat mild to moderate depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, as well as its ability to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation.
St. John's Wort can be prepared as a tea, capsule, or topical oil, and is often used in combination with other herbs to enhance its medicinal effects.
Study of the Day
According to Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, Hypericum perforatum has medicinal purposes related to the content of hypericin, which can be controlled and measured through a specified method of extraction and chromatographic assay, but the specific medicinal uses are not mentioned in this study.
This page analize the most important medicinal aspects of Hypericum perforatum.
Table of Contents
Uses and Benefits
Hypericum perforatum is used to alleviate a multitude of health issues, including anxiety and depression, by promoting a sense of calm and well-being.
This versatile plant has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, which can help alleviate symptoms associated with arthritis, gout, and other inflammatory conditions.
Furthermore, it has been found to have antimicrobial and antifungal properties, making it an effective treatment for various infections, such as wounds, skin irritations, and even the common cold.
Additionally, Hypericum perforatum has been traditionally used to treat wounds, ulcers, and even cancer, as well as to support cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration.
The health benefits of Hypericum perforatum are listed below.
- Antimicrobial properties: Hypericum perforatum has antimicrobial properties, which help to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, making it effective against infections.
- Antioxidant properties: The plant contains antioxidants that help to neutralize free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.
- Anxiolytic and antidepressant properties: Hypericum perforatum has been used to treat anxiety and depression due to its anxiolytic and antidepressant properties, which help to improve mood and reduce symptoms of mental health conditions.
- Pain relief: The plant has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, making it effective in relieving pain and reducing inflammation.
- Wound healing: Hypericum perforatum has been used topically to promote wound healing due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which help to prevent infection and promote tissue repair.
- Cardiovascular health: The plant has been shown to have cardiovascular benefits, including lowering blood pressure and reducing the risk of heart disease.
- Anti-inflammatory properties: Hypericum perforatum has anti-inflammatory properties, which help to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of conditions such as arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
Here are the best health benefits of Hypericum perforatum.
Actions
Hypericum perforatum has been observed to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral actions, which impact the musculoskeletal system, nervous system, and immune system.
Its nervine, sedative, and anxiolytic properties can affect the nervous system, promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety.
Additionally, this plant displays antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic actions, which influence the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and gastrointestinal system.
The hyperforin and hypericin compounds found in Hypericum perforatum also exhibit anticonvulsant, anti-depressant, and immunomodulatory properties, further affecting the nervous system, immune system, and endocrine system.
The therapeutic actions of Hypericum perforatum are listed below.
- Antiseptic: Prevents infection and promotes wound healing
- Antimicrobial: Inhibits the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi
- Anti-inflammatory: Reduces inflammation and swelling by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory chemicals
- Nervine: Affects the nervous system, often used to calm and soothe the nerves
- Antioxidant: Neutralizes free radicals and protects against oxidative stress and cell damage
- Adaptogenic: Helps the body adapt to stress and promotes balance and resilience
- Phototoxic: Causes skin irritation or burns when exposed to sunlight, leading to the degradation of certain compounds
Constituents
Hypericum perforatum has been found to contain a diverse array of bioactive constituents, including flavonoids such as hyperoside and quercetin, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Tannins like hyperin and amentoflavone have been shown to possess antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities, while naphthodianthrones including hypericin and pseudohypericin have been demonstrated to have potent photodynamic and anti-proliferative effects.
The plant also contains phenolic acids like chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, as well as volatile oils like borneol and camphor, which have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
Additionally, Hypericum perforatum contains alkaloids like hyperforin and adhyperforin, which have been shown to possess neuroprotective and anti-anxiety effects.
The bioactive constituents of Hypericum perforatum are listed below.
- Hyperforin: A phenylpropanoid derivative with potential antidepressant and anti-inflammatory properties
- Emodin: A benzofuran derivative with potential anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties
- Tannins: A type of polyphenol with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
- Flavonoids: A type of plant compound with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
- Phenolic acids: A type of plant compound with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
- Naphthodianthrones: A type of plant compound with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
- Quercetin: A flavonoid with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
Parts
The most commonly used parts of Hypericum perforatum are the flowers, leaves, and roots, which have been utilized in various traditional medicine practices for their medicinal properties.
The flowers of the plant, also known as St. John's Wort, are used for their antidepressant and anti-inflammatory properties, and are often used to treat mild to moderate depression, anxiety disorders, and skin conditions such as eczema and burns.
The leaves of the plant contain the same medicinal compounds as the flowers and are used for similar purposes, including the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and viral infections like herpes and HIV.
The roots of Hypericum perforatum are also used for medicinal purposes, often in the form of a tincture or decoction, to treat conditions such as digestive issues, fever, and menstrual problems.
The following table displays the most used parts of of Hypericum perforatum and examples of ailments they help cure.
| Parts | Ailments |
|---|---|
| Leaves | Inflammation, fever, diarrhea |
| Flowers | Anxiety, depression, insomnia |
| Stems | Wounds, burns, infections |
| Roots | Gastrointestinal issues, allergies, arthritis |
| Seeds | Insect bites, eczema, psoriasis |
Preparations
Hypericum perforatum most common herbal preparations are infusions, tinctures, and topical creams, which are utilized for a variety of health purposes.
Infusions, also known as teas, are commonly used to address anxiety, insomnia, and minor pain, such as headaches and muscle strains.
Tinctures, often taken internally, are used to alleviate symptoms of depression, menstrual cramps, and seasonal affective disorder, as well as to support the immune system.
Topical creams and salves, applied directly to the skin, are used to treat wounds, burns, and skin irritations, while also offering anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties.
The herbal preparations of Hypericum perforatum are listed below.
- Hypericum infusion: A tea made by steeping the flowers and leaves of hypericum perforatum in hot water, often used to support mood and reduce anxiety.
- Hypericum tincture: A liquid extract of the hypericum perforatum plant, often used to support mood and reduce inflammation.
- Hypericum oil: A topical oil extract of the hypericum perforatum plant, often used to support skin health and reduce inflammation.
- Hypericum salve: A topical cream or ointment made from the hypericum perforatum plant, often used to support skin health and reduce inflammation.
- Hypericum capsules: A dietary supplement made from the hypericum perforatum plant, often used to support mood and reduce anxiety.
- Hypericum extract: A dry extract of the hypericum perforatum plant, often used to support mood and reduce inflammation in dietary supplements.
- Hypericum infused honey: Honey infused with the flowers and leaves of hypericum perforatum, often used to support mood and reduce anxiety in a sweet and soothing way.
Side Effects
Hypericum perforatum side effects are numerous and can be severe, affecting individuals who take high doses or have pre-existing medical conditions.
Common side effects include dizziness, headaches, nausea, and fatigue, as well as gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea and stomach pain.
Elderly individuals, children, and those with kidney or liver problems are more likely to experience severe side effects, including allergic reactions, dry mouth, and increased heart rate.
Additionally, excessive consumption of hypericum perforatum can lead to serotonin syndrome, interactions with other medications, and increased risk of bleeding, making it crucial to exercise caution when using this plant.
The possible side effects of Hypericum perforatum are listed below.
- Allergic reactions: Allergic reactions to hypericum perforatum can include symptoms such as hives, itching, and swelling, which can be severe in some cases.
- Abdominal pain: Abdominal pain or discomfort has been reported by some individuals taking hypericum perforatum, which can be mild or severe.
- Dizziness and lightheadedness: Dizziness and lightheadedness are potential side effects of hypericum perforatum, which can be caused by changes in blood pressure or other factors.
- Headaches: Headaches are a common side effect of hypericum perforatum, which can range from mild to severe in intensity.
- Nausea and vomiting: Nausea and vomiting are potential side effects of hypericum perforatum, which can be caused by gastrointestinal upset or other factors.
- Skin rash: A skin rash or dermatitis has been reported by some individuals taking hypericum perforatum, which can be caused by allergic reactions or other factors.
- Increased bleeding risk: Hypericum perforatum may increase the risk of bleeding in individuals taking anticoagulant medications or those with bleeding disorders.